The Windy Hill Sanctuary began modestly in 1999 with 100 rat traps and a part time trapper.
We began with no real notion of what we were undertaking – we just knew we had to stem the tide of rats that plagued us every year. We did not know that we would still be viable the next year, let alone 25 years later.
Over that time there have been a range of influences that have informed, motivated, and supported the evolution of the Sanctuary into what it is today – a working model of committed landowners and a community Trust sustaining biodiversity over an 800HA area of south-eastern Aotea Great Barrier Island.
In 2000, the release of the NZ Biodiversity Strategy established the urgent need to sustain and enhance our biodiversity. It was defined as one of NZ’s top 10 national policy statements. For the first time the role of the private landowner in protecting biodiversity was recognised. The basis of our work was now guided by a nationally recognised strategy and DoC established a funding stream for private landowners following its release.
Also, in the 2000s, DoC was running a series of Mainland Island Hui – bringing together practitioners in pest management from DoC ‘mainland islands’ – areas defined as ecologically significant and under active protection on the mainland. Gate crashing those hui was a huge learning curve for me. I was introduced to amazing people who became my ‘go to’ people as the Sanctuary expanded and my thirst for knowledge grew. Thank you to the likes of Alan Saunders, Darren Peters, and Lindsay Wilson who have mentored and guided me.
The Auckland Regional Council released their first Regional Pest Management Strategy around that time and funding followed for community groups working on private land. Biosecurity Manager Steve Hix, followed by Jack Craw, offered on the ground support and backed that up with regular phone calls of encouragement – they had no idea how much these calls meant. Early on, Steve even undertook a site visit to show us how to set up a track system for effective pest management as we were going in circles!
In September 2005, I attended the first Sanctuaries of NZ workshop organised by John Innes and his team from Landcare Research. These annual workshops, held all over the country, gather practitioners from 80+ Sanctuaries for three days of talking ‘shop’, the latest scientific research into restoration practice, effects of climate change, species monitoring, translocations, and more. These meetings were a lifeline to me in the earlier years as I was able to connect with a wide range of contemporaries who informed and encouraged. I have attended all but two since then.
Sanctuaries of NZ 2017.
In 2007, Kelvin Floyd became the Sanctuary’s voluntary mapping guru. His influence and his support has been unwavering. The Sanctuary maps for tracks, stations, monitoring, species locations, and weeds have been updated every year by Kelvin. Kelvin shares an international conservation perspective and a depth of experience in preparing the road map for effective species protection.
The professional way the Sanctuary has been able to present itself and work from his maps is a real testament to his contribution.
Sometime way back, and neither of us can remember now, I met the charismatic Jo Ritchie. Another staunch female in the predominantly male world of pest management. Jo stood out with her knowledge, her indominable style, and unlimited support. The pic on the right is a young Jo teaching the Sanctuary field team freshwater stream monitoring in March 2005. We have had the best ‘roadies’ to many conservation conferences, workshops, and meetings throughout NZ (and overseas) over many years, learning as we go.
In 2016 the Predator Free 2050 goal was announced. This ambitious goal influenced the attitude of New Zealanders to the plight of our biodiversity. Since that time thousands of New Zealanders have registered to conduct predator control in their communities. For those of us who had been engaged in this space for many years, our position shifted from ‘fringe’ to mainstream. It also created the opportunity to share our knowledge and lead initiatives.
Over the lifetime of the Sanctuary our work has been strengthened by the likes of :
- The Ngati Rehua Ngati Wai ki Aotea Trust Board who signed an MOU with us in 2014 defining our partnership and common goals. Kaumatua Rodney Ngawaka led all three of our North Island Robin translocations and supported the cultural richness such occasions deserve.
- Dr John Early from Auckland Museum introduced us to the wonders of the invertebrate world as we gathered invertebrate samples for the Museum collection.
- Trent Bell, Sarah Herbert, and Dylan van Winkle undertook a comprehensive herptefaunal survey in the Sanctuary and created our Sanctuary field guide to lizards. The sanctuary has 11 of the 14 species listed as present on island. Sarah has gone on to lead members of the field team on three surveys over nine years of Hochstetters frogs on Aotea. A fourth is planned for 2025.
Trent Bell training the field team in lizard ID and handling.
- Dr Marj Padamsee led our community fungal foray in 2012 and forever cemented in us the passion for finding glorious fungi.
- Tim Lovegrove from Auckland Council led our first North Island robin translocation and follow up monitoring in 2004. Always on call for bird matters.
- Auckland Council biosecurity lead Brian Sheilds has been around since the early days and generously shares his wealth of knowledge.
- Dean Medland has been engaged with the Sanctuary for 25 years as a field team member, a biosecurity operator, and later as our prime feral pig hunter. His passion for hunting and his knowledge of pigs has increased our understanding of this animal.
- In more recent times the videos by Cam Speedy have guided the refinement of our station management and improved our cat trapping outcomes.
The 53 landowners that partner the Trust in the Sanctuary, including DoC and the QEII National Trust, influence our considerations around sovereignty, privacy, and security. The Trust respects that our pest management programme must fit with the values of private landowners and adapts accordingly.
And last, but not least, I acknowledge the profound influence of Prof John Ogden. John is the Trust’s Ecological Advisor and has been a Trustee since 2002. John has taken the Sanctuary field data on rats, birds, seedlings, and lizards over may years and produced high quality reports which have often directed field management. He shares his extensive knowledge of vegetation patterns, threatened species, and has reported our annual bird counts since 2008. John has brought a scientific rigor to our operations, monitoring, and reporting. We benefit significantly from his ongoing sage advice.
Update
The six months of this year have seen an extraordinary turnaround for the Sanctuary.
Last year was our most challenging with a severe shortage of people available to work in the field. A recruitment drive has resulted in a well-qualified field team of 5 – field manager Jordan Scarlett leads the team of Maxine Barrowman, Corey Hardstaff, Paul Lee, and Keri Lyon. Maxine will finish with us at the end of this month and will be replaced by Kerryn Johnson who recently worked for Tū Mai Taonga, the iwi led project in northern Aotea.
Pest management continues unabated with 1129 rats, 9 feral cats, and 31 feral pigs culled this year, plus a range of weeds removed. The May Sanctuary rat tracking index came in at a pleasing 9.5%.
A new 21 HA property has been added to the sanctuary area and mapping is underway. We farewell landowner Derek Bell who is taking over the pest management on his Taumata block.
The succession plan to replace my voluntary role as Trust Manager is underway with Lou Mack now leading Operations. We have a new trust administrator in Diane Lyon, and sound funding for the year ahead. We are once again on a roll.
A Big Thank you to our funding partners and supporters who have backed us on this journey:
After 25 years we feel confident in the value of this biodiversity focused project and the pathway with Tū Mai Taonga towards the vision of restored mauri – a pest free Aotea Great Barrier Island.
![New Zealand In Depth12 Dec 2024 'Giant batmobiles': In search of the manta rays of the Hauraki Gulf 8:49 am on 12 December 2024 Share this Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share via email Share on Reddit Share on Linked In Kate Newton Kate Newton , Senior Journalist, In Depth @katenewtonnz Every summer, the world's largest ray species cruises the waters of the Hauraki Gulf. Researchers are racing to find out more about these charismatic creatures as their habitat continues to decline around them. The plane's shadow skims over the wide ripples of the ocean, its twin engines throttled back into a low burr, searching. To the left in the distance is the Tutukaka coast and Whangārei Heads, and to the right, the Hauraki Gulf fades to a hazy horizon. But our eyes are fixed on the surface of the water just a few hundred metres below us. Then, crackling through our headsets, comes the one word we've been waiting to hear: "Manta." Exclamations erupt over the comms and everyone's eyes now swivel to where Catherine Meyer, seated near the front of the 10-seater on the left, is gesturing out the window. "My nine o'clock." The plane banks round into a tight loop. There, unmistakable against the peacock-blue, is the black diamond of an oceanic manta ray, te whai rahi - the largest ray species on the planet. A photo of a manta ray photographed from a planeDespite reaching up to nine metres wingtip-to-wingtip, spotting a manta ray from above still requires a sharp eye. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly For the past half-hour, we've been following the 200-metre depth contour beyond the Poor Knights Island group, along a route determined earlier that morning at Claris airport on Great Barrier Island. There, we rendezvoused with Lydia Green - island resident and project director of Manta Watch NZ, a charitable trust she founded in 2017 and has run mostly solo ever since. Manta rays, which can measure up to nine metres wingtip-to-wingtip, are found worldwide. Until recently, though, there was only anecdotal evidence of them visiting and living in New Zealand waters. Once Green and a crew of researchers and volunteers started running boat surveys, and encouraging citizen scientist sightings from fishing boats and other vessels, verified sightings exploded. Since 2020, there have been more than 1200 manta ray sightings between North Cape and Wellington, and Manta Watch has satellite-tagged 20 individuals that have been tracked as far north as the tropical Pacific. What Green really wants to prove is that these manta rays are no passing visitors, but a native population that breeds here. Consistent, frequent data collection is crucial. Despite being globally endangered, the species is classed as 'data deficient' in New Zealand - denying it the greater protections that would come with being declared locally endangered. The manta ray may need those protections. The biodiversity-rich Hauraki Gulf has been in a state of decline for decades, and last-minute carve-outs to the Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana Marine Protection Bill, a piece of legislation years in the making, have dismayed marine researchers and environmentalists. Today's flight is the first aerial survey of the gulf's manta ray population - covering in just a few hours an expanse of ocean that would take days and days to survey by boat, and taking Green ever closer to cracking the manta code. An aerial view over Claris and Kaitoke on Great Barrier Island's east coastThe survey flight took off from Claris on Great Barrier Island's east coast. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly At Claris, we board an angular, blunt-winged Britten-Norman Islander - a Swiss Army knife of a plane with big windows, and perfect for the low-altitude, low-speed cruising necessary to spot rays from above. From take-off, it takes just a few minutes to clear the hills of Great Barrier, where tree fern crowns pop like green starbursts from the otherwise dark bush. Then we're out over the ocean again, and already Green has spotted something. There's a work-up on the surface, where fish gather to feed, and in turn attract birds and larger marine animals. There's no ray action, though, and we head further out into the gulf. At the controls is Island Aviation pilot Hobby Hafiz, who has also flown aerial surveys in this area for BBC's Blue Planet. Green sits up front next to him, quietly directing Hafiz towards anything of interest she spots on the surface. Lydia Green is wearing a red tshirt and sunglasses and rests her arm on the back of a seat while sitting onboard a small plane.Manta Watch NZ project director Lydia Green prepared the route for the flight based on known manta ray hotspots. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly Also on board are World Wildlife Fund New Zealand chief executive Kayla Kingdon-Bebb, and two volunteer spotters and marine science postgraduate students, Sanaa Nair and Catherine Meyer. For Nair, this is the best day of her short career so far. As soon as she discovered Manta Watch existed, she pestered Green via email for a year, before eventually tracking her to a conference and demanding to volunteer. "I had no idea [manta rays] were here until two years ago. It just blew my mind." Manta rays have the largest brain of any fish, have no stinger, and eat only krill - like whales, they are gentle giants of the ocean. From her first sighting on a boat, Nair was captivated by these "large, beautiful, charismatic, insanely intelligent" animals. Armed with clipboards, she and Meyer take a side each, resting their foreheads against the windows as they scan intently for signs of life below. Catherine Meyer holds a pen ready to take notes while looking out a plane window.Marine science postgraduate student Catherine Meyer was one of two dedicated spotters on the flight, noting down the time and details of each manta ray sighting. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly Before Meyer spots that first ray, Green already has a working theory that they'll congregate along the contour lines, where the depth of the ocean floor changes. Here, the upwelling of fresh ocean water into shallower areas brings with it an abundance of the zooplankton that manta rays love to feast on. And after that first sighting, they're suddenly everywhere. It's all Meyer and Nair can do to note down the details of each one: the time it's spotted, its colouring, what kind of behaviour it's exhibiting. "I can't write fast enough!" Meyer says, but it's not a complaint. The excitement has infected everyone on board, shuffling and turning in our cramped seats every time someone says that magic word, "Manta." Hafiz the pilot joins in on the action, his keen aviator's eyes making him a natural - the rays may be big, but they're still tricky to spot from afar. Manta rays aren't all we spot. There are pods of dolphins, a Bryde's whale, flocks of pelagic birds, and a fever of 15 devil rays - the other species Manta Watch NZ aims to document and protect. Sanaa Nair, wearing an aviation headset, looks out a plane windowManta ray spotter Sanaa Nair pestered Lydia Green for a year to let her volunteer. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly By the time we land in Whangārei for a refuelling stop, the team has found 17 manta rays - a mix of the more common 'chevron' rays, which are black with white shoulder markings, and melanistic rays, which are completely black: "like giant batmobiles", Green says. The route back to North Shore airport takes us through the inner Hauraki Gulf, where we spot one more cruising manta ray to add to the day's total. "It's like a huge, exciting game of hide and seek," Green says the day after. The residual "manta buzz" kept her awake most of the night. "They're such an elusive animal and the biggest thing for me was just having a good idea of where I thought they'd be, because it's the first time we've ever conducted a dedicated aerial survey." Confirming her suspicion that manta rays would be found on the depth contour lines was "massive", she says. "I was just really proud of the knowledge that we've been able to collectively gain." Sanaa Nair, Lydia Green and Catherine Meyer laugh together sitting outside a small airport terminal.Sanaa Nair, left, Lydia Green and Catherine Meyer share their excitement together while going through a final pre-flight briefing. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly The concentration of sightings in the outer Hauraki Gulf also supports another hypothesis: that the rays stay out in deeper water at this time of year, and then as summer progresses and blue oceanic water inundates the gulf, they follow their food sources further inshore. "It sets a really good foundation for how we're going to conduct all of our survey efforts moving forward this year," Green says. From now until autumn, Green's life will be dictated by wind and tide. As Manta Watch's only permanent staff member, she juggles fundraising, upskilling volunteers, and doing outreach education, but her overriding concern at this time of year is organising vessels and crew for the boat surveys that the trust hopes to conduct over the season. Born in the middle of the UK, hours inland, Green nonetheless had an early and deep connection to the sea. "I was always drawn to bodies of water and I had an aquarium. And basically as soon as I had autonomy over my body, I went to the coast and I never looked back." She completed a marine biology degree and then dedicated her life to following the ocean, continuing to learn from first-hand experience. Seventeen years ago, she fetched up in New Zealand, and when she and her partner moved to Great Barrier four years ago, manta rays became a full-time job. An aerial image of the east coast of Great Barrier Island.Much of Manta Watch NZ's work is based out of Great Barrier Island in the Hauraki Gulf, where project director Lydia Green lives. Photo: RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly The trust's work has grown organically, helped along by Green's "manta husband" Mark Erdmann, a coral reef ecologist based at the University of Auckland and non-profit organisation Conservation International. "He owns a boat, which is very helpful. He enabled the project to really grow in terms of the satellite tagging project." At other times, Green's work maintains a DIY element. She owns a drone, and will often put it up from shore at Okupu, the island settlement where she lives. At the height of the season the rays come close enough in that she's been able to collect footage of them, adding to the growing tally of sightings. But what she really wants is to get as many people involved as possible. Manta Watch will launch its citizen science app this week, which will let anyone who spots a manta ray log a sighting with the time, date, GPS location and other details such as photographs. Over 70 percent of the trust's sightings come from the general public, but Green says there is a lot of to-and-fro at the moment to glean the details they need to verify a sighting, and get good-quality images where they exist. Flourish logoA Flourish data visualization "With the app, it just streamlines everything and hopefully cuts out a big chunk of admin for our project. "The really cool function is that you can upload everything offline because a lot of these areas don't have cell service … and then it will upload when you've got signal." But at the same time that Manta Watch is seeing sightings rocket as people become aware of them and go "manta crazy", the ray's habitat is also under threat. The Hauraki Gulf is in "a state of advanced decline", WWF's Kayla Kingdon-Bebb says. "We've seen that through successive State of the Gulf reports produced through the Hauraki Gulf Forum. We're very concerned to see the health and mauri of Tīkapa Moana restored. We know that oceanic manta rays are a sentinel species, so they can tell us a lot about the health of the ecosystems in which they reside." Negotiations and give-and-take over more than a decade between ecologists, locals, mana whenua, commercial and recreational fisheries interests led to the drafting of the Tīkapa Moana / Hauraki Gulf Marine Protection Bill, which was introduced under the previous government and supported by the current government. The Bill will create 19 new protected areas, tripling protected areas from 6 percent to 18 percent of the gulf. Some of those are 'high-protection' areas, where fishing and other extractive activity is forbidden. A manta ray with white markings on its black back cruises in bright blue waterManta rays are globally endangered but the are classified as 'data deficient' in New Zealand as very little was known about them here until recently. Photo: Manta Watch NZ / Mark Erdmann](https://aoteagbi.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/4KFBYNY_NZ_MB_0089_2022_02_22_8_1_Mark_Erdmann_png-600x338.webp)
